Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces psychological distress in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xing Jiang; Jian Sun; Ruiwen Song; Yue Wang; Jinglian Li; Rongwei Shi

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253266

Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces psychological distress in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Front Psychol. 2024 Jan 5:14:1253266. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253266. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xing Jiang^#¹, Jian Sun^#¹, Ruiwen Song^{1

2}, Yue Wang¹, Jinglian Li¹, Rongwei Shi³

Affiliations

¹ School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
² Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the clinical efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in patients with cancer and psychological distress.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from seven English electronic databases were systematically investigated from inception to 3 October 2023. A total of 16 RCTs from 6 countries with 711 participants were included in this study. Estimated pooled effect sizes (ESs) were calculated via inverse-variance random-effects or fixed-effects (I² ≤ 50%) model and presented by standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup analyses were performed to reduce confounding factors and heterogeneity, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to evaluate the quality of the pooled ESs.

Results: The pooled ESs revealed that statistically significant improvements in anxiety [postintervention SMD = -0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI), -0.71, -0.11); p = 0.008; I² = 65%; follow-up SMD = -0.37 (95% CI, -0.66, -0.08); p = 0.01; I² = 29%], depression [postintervention SMD = -0.45 (95% CI, -0.63, -0.27); p < 0.001; I² = 49%; follow-up SMD = -0.52 (95% CI, -0.77, -0.28); p < 0.001; I² = 0%], and psychological flexibility [postintervention SMD = -0.81 (95% CI, -1.50, -0.11); p = 0.02; I² = 84%; follow-up SMD = -0.71 (95% CI, -1.12, -0.31); p = 0.0006; I² = 38%] in ACT-treated participants were observed compared to patients treated with control conditions. However, other outcomes, such as physical symptom alleviation, were not significantly associated.

Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that ACT is associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and psychological flexibility in patients with cancer.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022320515.

Keywords: acceptance and commitment therapy; anxiety; cancer; meta-analysis; neoplasms; psychological distress; systematic review.

Publication types

Systematic Review

Grants and funding

This project received funding from the Philosophy and Social Science Research Project of Jiangsu Universities (Grant/Award Number: 2022SJYB0317) and the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province (2021–2024).