Heart failure is a cardiovascular condition, leading to fatigue, breathlessness, and fluid retention. It affects around 56 million people globally and is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. Its prevalence is rising due to aging populations and lifestyle factors. Managing heart failure demands a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing medications, lifestyle modifications, and often medical devices or surgeries. The treatment burden is substantial, impacting patients' daily lives and straining healthcare systems. Improving early detection, novel therapies, and patient education are crucial for alleviating the burden and enhancing the quality of life. There are notable advancements in the field of heart failure treatment and prevention. We will discuss significant pharmacological and device advances related to heart failure, including angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibition, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, cardiac resynchronization therapy, cardiac contractility modulation, mechanical circulatory support devices, and transcatheter valve interventions. We will also review novel therapies on the horizon, emerging technologies like CRISPR-based treatments for genetic anomalies, and the involvement of artificial intelligence in heart failure detection and management.
Keywords: ARNI; SGLT2 inhibitors; artificial intelligence; gene therapies; heart failure.