When can a population spreading across sink habitats persist?

Abstract

We consider populations with time-varying growth rates living in sinks. Each population, when isolated, would become extinct. Dispersal-induced growth (DIG) occurs when the populations are able to persist and grow exponentially when dispersal among the populations is present. We provide a mathematical analysis of this surprising phenomenon, in the context of a deterministic model with periodic variation of growth rates and non-symmetric migration which are assumed to be piecewise continuous. We also consider a stochastic model with random variation of growth rates and migration. This work extends existing results of the literature on the DIG effects obtained for periodic continuous growth rates and time independent symmetric migration.

Keywords: Averaging; Dispersal-induced growth; Markov Feller process; Metzler matrices; Periodic linear cooperative systems; Perron root; Principal Lyapunov exponent; Singular perturbations; Sinks; Stochastic environment.