The value of sequential application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine and physiological saline in reducing postoperative infections after total knee arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized, controlled study

Abstract

Background: Currently, in the field of total joint arthroplasty (TJA), there are no studies that have demonstrated the value of the sequential application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and physiological saline during the surgical procedure in decreasing postoperative infections in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and in decreasing the incidence of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) in particular. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the sequential application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and physiological saline in reducing postoperative infections in TKA.

Methods: The study prospectively included 4743 patients, with Group A (2371, 49.9%) receiving sequential intraoperative application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and physiological saline irrigation of the incision, and Group B (2372, 50.1%) receiving intraoperative application of physiological saline irrigation of the incision only, to collect the patients' baseline data and clinical characteristics, and to statistically assess the incidence of superficial infections and the PJI during the follow up period to evaluate the clinical value of the study.

Results: The baseline levels of patients in Groups A and B were comparable. There were 132 (2.8%) lost visits during the study period. The incidence of superficial infections within 30 days after surgery was 0.22% in Group A and 1.17% in Group B, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.007). The incidence of PJI was 0.17% in Group A and 1.26% in Group B, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0121).

Conclusion: Sequential application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and physiological saline to irrigate incision in TKA can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative superficial infections and PJI. The scientific and rational application of this therapy intraoperatively greatly reduces the incidence of PJI and postoperative superficial infections, which is of great benefit to the patient's prognosis.

Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide solution; Incision irrigating; Periprosthetic joint infection; Povidone-iodine; Superficial infection; Total knee arthroplasty.