Extremely thin intermetallic layer in dissimilar AA6061-T6 and mild steel friction stir lap welding using a hemispherical tool

Danilo Ambrosio; Yoshiaki Morisada; Kohsaku Ushioda; Hidetoshi Fujii

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52412-w

Extremely thin intermetallic layer in dissimilar AA6061-T6 and mild steel friction stir lap welding using a hemispherical tool

Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 19;14(1):1718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52412-w.

Authors

Danilo Ambrosio¹, Yoshiaki Morisada², Kohsaku Ushioda², Hidetoshi Fujii³

Affiliations

¹ Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 560-0047, Japan. danilo@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp.
² Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 560-0047, Japan.
³ Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 560-0047, Japan. fujii@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Abstract

The dissimilar friction stir lap welding of AA6061-T6 and mild steel using the hemispherical tool tilted towards the retreating side is investigated. Critical defects such as hook features and internal voids are avoided by limiting the plunge depth in the lower plate to a tenth of a millimeter. The low heat generation guaranteed by the hemispherical tool produces a nanoscale intermetallic compound layer alternatively composed of an Al-rich and a ternary Al-Fe-Mg phases. The complex and extremely thin interlayers strengthen the Al-Fe mechanical bonding, guaranteeing high mechanical properties and rupture within the Al-stirred zone. Thermomechanical phenomena governing friction stir lap welding with the hemispherical tool drastically limit the growth of intermetallics, leading to the high mechanical strength of the lap joint.