Development of an optogenetics tool, Opto-RANK, for control of osteoclast differentiation using blue light

Abstract

Optogenetics enables precise regulation of intracellular signaling in target cells. However, the application of optogenetics to induce the differentiation of precursor cells and generate mature cells with specific functions has not yet been fully explored. Here, we focused on osteoclasts, which play an important role in bone remodeling, to develop a novel optogenetics tool, Opto-RANK, which can manipulate intracellular signals involved in osteoclast differentiation and maturation using blue light. We engineered Opto-RANK variants, Opto-RANKc and Opto-RANKm, and generated stable cell lines through retroviral transduction. Differentiation was induced by blue light, and various assays were conducted for functional analysis. Osteoclast precursor cells expressing Opto-RANK differentiated into multinucleated giant cells on light exposure and displayed upregulation of genes normally induced in differentiated osteoclasts. Furthermore, the differentiated cells exhibited bone-resorbing activities, with the possibility of spatial control of the resorption by targeted light illumination. These results suggested that Opto-RANK cells differentiated by light possess the features of osteoclasts, both morphological and functional. Thus, Opto-RANK should be useful for detailed spatiotemporal analysis of intracellular signaling during osteoclast differentiation and the development of new therapies for various bone diseases.