Investigating the flexural behavior of nanomodified multi-delaminated composites using acoustic emission technique

Sajad Alimirzaei; Reza Barbaz-Isfahani; Arash Khodaei; Mehdi Ahmadi Najafabadi; Mojtaba Sadighi

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107249

Investigating the flexural behavior of nanomodified multi-delaminated composites using acoustic emission technique

Ultrasonics. 2024 Mar:138:107249. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107249. Epub 2024 Jan 17.

Authors

Sajad Alimirzaei¹, Reza Barbaz-Isfahani², Arash Khodaei³, Mehdi Ahmadi Najafabadi⁴, Mojtaba Sadighi²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: alimirzaei69@aut.ac.ir.
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
³ Concordia Center for Composites, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ahmadin@aut.ac.ir.

PMID: 38241972
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107249

Abstract

The formation of multiple delaminations is a frequently observed damage mechanism in composite materials, exerting a more pronounced influence on their strength properties compared to single delaminations. To tackle this issue, the incorporation of nanoparticles has been investigated as a means to enhance composite materials. This study aims to examine the effects of nano-additives, specifically carbon nanotubes and nanosilica, on the flexural behavior of glass/epoxy composites containing multiple embedded delaminations. The acoustic emission technique is employed to gain deeper insights into the damage mechanisms associated with flexural failure. Artificial delaminations of varying sizes, arranged in a triangular pattern, were introduced into four interlayers of a [(0/90)₂]s oriented glass/epoxy composite. The findings reveal a notable reduction in flexural properties due to the presence of multiple delaminations. However, the addition of nanoparticles demonstrates a significant improvement in the flexural behavior of the multi-delaminated specimens. The most substantial enhancement is observed in the composite incorporating 0.3 wt% nanosilica + 0.5 wt% carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, genetic K-means and hierarchical clustering techniques are employed to classify different damage mechanisms based on the peak frequency and amplitude of the acoustic emission signals. The results indicate that the hierarchical clustering method outperforms the genetic K-means method in accurately clustering the acoustic emission signals. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticles' impact on the occurrence of distinct damage mechanisms is evaluated through the analysis of acoustic signals using Wavelet Packet Transform. By investigating the flexural behavior of nanomodified multi-delaminated composites and employing the acoustic emission technique, this study offers valuable insights into the role of nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties and monitoring the damage mechanisms of composite materials.

Keywords: Acoustic emission; Carbon nanotubes; Flexural behavior; Multi-delamination; Nanosilica.