Numerical modeling of the funnel multiphysical flow of fresh self-compacting concrete considering proportionate heterogeneity of aggregates

Kennedy C Onyelowe; Denise-Penelope N Kontoni

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52072-w

Numerical modeling of the funnel multiphysical flow of fresh self-compacting concrete considering proportionate heterogeneity of aggregates

Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 18;14(1):1601. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52072-w.

Authors

Kennedy C Onyelowe^{1

2}, Denise-Penelope N Kontoni^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece. konyelowe@gmail.com.
² Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria. konyelowe@gmail.com.
³ Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece.
⁴ School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335, Patras, Greece.

Abstract

Filling ability is one of the prominent rheological properties of the self-compacting concrete (SCC), which has been studied in this research work deploying the functional behavior of the concrete through the studied funnel apparatus using the coupled ANSYS-SPH interface. Seven (7) model cases were studied and optimized. The aim of this numerical study is to propose a more sustainable mix of coarse and fine aggregates proportion that allows for most minimum flow time to enhance a more efficient filling of forms during concreting. The maximum size of the coarse aggregates considered is 20 mm and that of the fine aggregates is below 4 mm. The Bingham model properties for the multiphysics (SPH)-ANSYS models' simulation are; viscosity = 20 ≤ μ ≤ 100 and the yield stress = 50 [Formula: see text], standard flow time, t (s) ranges; 6 ≤ t ≤ 25 and the funnel volume is 12 L. The minimum boundary flow time, which represents the time it takes for the SCC to completely flow through a specified distance, typically measured in seconds was modeled for in the seven (7) model cases. The second case with 40% coarse mixed with 60% fine completely flowed out in 16 s, thus fulfilling the minimum flow time. This minimum flow time was considered alongside other relevant parameters and tests, such as slump flow, passing ability, segregation resistance, and rheological properties (stresses), to comprehensively assess the filling ability of SCC in this model. By considering these factors and the optimized mix (40%C + 60%F:16s), engineers and researchers can optimize the SCC mix design to achieve the desired flowability and filling performance for their specific construction applications. The multiphase optimized mix was further simulated using the coupled interface of the ANSYS-SPH platform operating with the CFX command at air temperature of 25 °C. The results show energy reduction jump at the optimized flow time. Ideally, the mix, 40%C + 60%F:16s has been proposed as the mix with the most efficient flow to achieve the filling ability for sustainable structural concrete construction.