Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study

Katharina Lingelbach; Sabrina Gado; Maria Wirzberger; Mathias Vukelić

doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1273810

Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study

Front Neuroergon. 2023 Nov 15:4:1273810. doi: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1273810. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Katharina Lingelbach^#^{1

2}, Sabrina Gado^#³, Maria Wirzberger^{4

5}, Mathias Vukelić¹

Affiliations

¹ Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany.
² Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
³ Experimental Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁴ Department of Teaching and Learning with Intelligent Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
⁵ LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: We investigated brain activation patterns of interacting emotional distractions and cognitive processes in a close-to-naturalistic functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study.

Methods: Eighteen participants engaged in a monitoring-control task, mimicking common air traffic controller requirements. The scenario entailed experiencing both low and high workload, while concurrently being exposed to emotional speech distractions of positive, negative, and neutral valence.

Results: Our investigation identified hemispheric asymmetries in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the presentation of negative and positive emotional speech distractions at different workload levels. Thereby, in particular, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to play a crucial role. Brain activation patterns revealed a cross-over interaction indicating workload-dependent left hemispheric inhibition processes during negative distractions and high workload. For positive emotional distractions under low workload, we observed left-hemispheric PFC recruitment potentially associated with speech-related processes. Furthermore, we found a workload-independent negativity bias for neutral distractions, showing brain activation patterns similar to those of negative distractions.

Discussion: In conclusion, lateralized hemispheric processing, regulating emotional speech distractions and integrating emotional and cognitive processes, is influenced by workload levels and stimulus characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the factors modulating hemispheric asymmetries during the processing and inhibition of emotional distractions, as well as the interplay between emotion and cognition. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of exploring emotion-cognition interactions in more naturalistic settings to gain a deeper understanding of their implications in real-world application scenarios (e.g., working and learning environments).

Keywords: ecological validity; emotion-cognition interactions; emotional speech distraction; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; hemispheric asymmetry; inhibitory processes; lateralization; workload.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The reported research was supported by the Federal Ministry of Science, Research, and the Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg and the University of Stuttgart as part of the Research Seed Capital funding scheme (grant number Az. 33-7533.-30-10/75/3) as well as by a grant from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Labour and Tourism Baden-Wuerttemberg (Project KI-Fortschrittszentrum Lernende Systeme und Kognitive Robotik) as well as by the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft within the grant Fraunhofer TALENTA.