Background: The androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma; however, the implications of circulating testosterone levels in the biology of glioblastoma remain unknown.
Aim: This study aimed to analyze the association between circulating testosterone levels and the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma.
Methods: Forty patients with primary glioblastoma were included in the study. The main prognostic endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Circulating testosterone levels were used to determine the state of androgen deficiency (AD). AR expression was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Results: Most of the patients showed AR expression, and it was mainly located in the cytoplasm, as well as in the nucleus of tumor cells. Patients with AD presented a better PFS than those patients with normal levels (252.0 vs. 135.0 days; p = 0.041). Furthermore, normal androgenic status was an independent risk factor for progression in a multivariate regression model (hazard ratio = 6.346; p = 0.004).
Conclusion: Circulating testosterone levels are associated with the prognosis of glioblastoma because patients with AD show a better prognosis than those with normal androgenic status.
Keywords: Androgen receptor; Glioblastoma; Prognosis; Testosterone.
© 2024. The Author(s).