Spatiotemporal Modulation for Ultrasonic Mid-Air Haptics: Sensation's Specification and Validation

IEEE Trans Haptics. 2024 Jan 17:PP. doi: 10.1109/TOH.2024.3355187. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Spatiotemporal modulation (STM) is used in Ultrasonic Mid-Air Haptics to create compelling tactile sensations. The STM can create perceptually distinct sensations. We specified the sensations of a palm-size pattern by varying the focal point's speed and pattern sampling rate. Three sensations were specified, named as Dynamic, Vibratory and Uniform. A selective identification study was conducted to evaluate if the sensations were recognizable to the perception when presented individually and simultaneously (combined stimuli). The results support the STM's specification and the selective recognition of the sensations was possible for some combinations.