Oral habits, sociopsychological orthodontic needs, and sociodemographic factors perceived by caregivers impact oral health-related quality of life in children with and without autism?

Abstract

Background: Caregivers play a crucial role in assessing the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Aim: This study assessed the impact of sociodemographic and oral conditions on OHRQoL and family dynamics in young individuals with and without autism, as perceived by guardians.

Design: This comparative cross-sectional study included young individuals aged 6 to 14 years and their guardians. Data were collected at a specialized institution and dental schools. Guardians completed the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), Family Impact Scale (FIS), and sociodemographic and oral habits questionnaires. The sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Results: The sample included 144 youths and caregivers. The ASD group had higher P-CPQ and FIS scores. Factors associated with poorer perceived OHRQoL included higher youth age, lower caregiver education, higher IOTN scores, teeth clenching (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41), and lip sucking. Lower parental education (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10-2.80) and higher IOTN scores from the caregiver's perspective impacted family dynamics.

Conclusion: Caregivers of young individuals with ASD perceived a lower OHRQoL, and families in this group were more affected by sociodemographic and oral conditions.

Keywords: adolescent health; autism spectrum disorder; child; habits; quality of life.