Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.
儿童恶性肿瘤是威胁儿童生命健康和影响儿童生命质量的重要疾病之一，为儿童第二位常见死因。随着治疗技术的不断完善与进步，肿瘤儿童的长期生存率得到显著提高，但疾病本身和治疗均可损害儿童免疫功能，导致患儿容易罹患各种感染性疾病以及继发严重并发症，甚至成为传染源，危害他人健康。疫苗接种是预防传染病最经济有效的措施。对于拥有正常免疫功能的儿童而言，疫苗接种通常利大于弊。但对这类免疫功能受损的肿瘤康复者接种疫苗的情况、接种后的效果及安全性等方面均缺乏详细数据，尚无权威且统一的接种建议。本文对国内外部分学者有关肿瘤儿童预防接种的文献和共识进行梳理和总结，旨在为我国该领域的工作与实践提供参考。.