To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.
探讨适合基层使用的孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童筛查工具，为制定ASD预防政策提供基础数据。本研究为现况调查，采用整群抽样方法，选取西安市新城区、鄠邑区为项目区县，2021年7月至2022年9月在两区县的3~36月龄儿童中开展ASD初筛，基层儿保医师在“儿童心理行为发育问题预警征象筛查表”基础上使用“孤独症早期的高危警示信号”漫画图片进行初筛，初筛阳性儿童转诊至区县级妇幼保健院复筛，复筛阳性者转至西安市儿童医院确诊。结果显示，两区县共初筛17 905名3~36月龄儿童，其中18~36月龄儿童10 588名，初筛阳性50名，复筛50名，诊断ASD儿童23名，ASD儿童的患病率为2.17‰（95%可信区间：1.29‰~3.06‰）。“预警征”初筛阳性42名，最终确诊19名ASD；“漫画图”初筛阳性27名，最终确诊23名ASD；“漫画图”初筛与确诊的一致率高于“预警征”初筛，两种筛查方式一致率的差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.01， P=0.001）。综上，依托妇幼保健三级网系统，利于ASD儿童筛查、诊断的全程管理，指导预防政策制定，“孤独症早期的高危警示信号”漫画图片可在“预警征”基础上辅助识别ASD儿童，简单、有效，适于基层推广。.