Background & objective: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the world's most serious health challenges. The development of therapeutic regimens has significantly increased survival and reduced HIV-associated morbidities in HIV-infected individuals. However, some people living with HIV may not respond as expected, resulting in treatment failure. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize, by immunological (T-cell CD4) and virological (viral load) parameters, HIV infected patients with therapeutic failure in Morocco.
Methods: Prospective cross-sectional studies were conducted over a 5-years period (between January 2015 and December 2019) at the referral center of Ibn Zohr Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco. A total, of 1088 HIV-infected patients diagnosed by the rapid test (Immunochromatography) in addition to Western Blot analysis, was recruited. All patients were under the antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least six months and followed every six months. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data as well as information on patient adherence were collected.
Results: Out of 1088 patients, 92.46% were under treatment based on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) including 26.20% first line first intention and 66.26% first line second intention, and 7.54% of patients on a protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. Regarding the immunological and virological status, 76% of HIV-infected patients had a CD4 count > 200 cells/µl and 24% had a CD4 count < 200 cells / µl, while 69.5% had an undetectable viral load and 30.05% had a detectable viral load (including 11.86% with viral load < 1000 copies / ml and 18.20% viral load > 1000 copies / ml) (P-values < 0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, we showed a therapeutic failure rate of 18.2% in HIV-infected patients under treatment in Marrakech region. These failures were mainly related to poor adherence and low CD4+ rates at the initiation of treatment. We concluded that immunological monitoring alone is insufficient to predict virological suppression and therapeutic success. Consequently, we recommend the HIV plasma viral load test be accessible as a routine exam.
Keywords: CD4; HIV; Morocco; antiretroviral treatment; therapeutic failure; viral load.
© 2023 Echchakery M et al.