Comparison of the Effect of Kaolin and Bentonite Clay (Raw, Acid-Treated, and Metal-Impregnated) on the Pyrolysis of Waste Tire

Mahmudur Rahman; Muhammad Omar Faruk; Md Waliul Islam; Moni Akter; Joyanta K Saha; Nafees Ahmed; Ayesha Sharmin; Md Azizul Hoque; Mirola Afroze; Mala Khan; Umme Sarmeen Akhtar; Md Mainul Hossain

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05951

Comparison of the Effect of Kaolin and Bentonite Clay (Raw, Acid-Treated, and Metal-Impregnated) on the Pyrolysis of Waste Tire

ACS Omega. 2023 Dec 27;9(1):474-485. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05951. eCollection 2024 Jan 9.

Authors

Mahmudur Rahman^{1

2

3

4

5

6

7}, Muhammad Omar Faruk², Md Waliul Islam³, Moni Akter¹, Joyanta K Saha¹, Nafees Ahmed¹, Ayesha Sharmin², Md Azizul Hoque⁴, Mirola Afroze⁵, Mala Khan⁵, Umme Sarmeen Akhtar⁶, Md Mainul Hossain⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh.
² Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
³ HPE Project Services, 2/4 Holden St, Ashfield NSW 2131, Australia.
⁴ Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka1205, Bangladesh.
⁵ Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
⁶ Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Umme Sarmeen Akhtar, Dhaka1205, Bangladesh.
⁷ Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh.

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of kaolin and bentonite catalysts in improving liquid hydrocarbon yields during the pyrolysis of waste tires. Raw clay, nitric acid-treated clay, and mono- or bimetal-impregnated clay were used as catalysts in the pyrolysis of waste tire. Acid-treated kaolin produced a higher yield of liquid hydrocarbons (43.24-47%) compared to acid-treated bentonite (35.34-41.85%). This improvement in the liquid yield can be attributed to the higher specific surface area and pore diameter of the acid-treated clay in comparison to raw kaolin (39.48%) and raw bentonite (31.62%). Moreover, the use of metal-impregnated catalysts, such as Fe/kaolin and Ni/Fe/kaolin, resulted in higher liquid yields (47%) compared to the 3 M HNO₃-treated kaolin catalyst (43.24%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of limonene, a crucial ingredient for commercial perfume production, in the liquid products. The calorific values of oil obtained through kaolin and bentonite catalysis were measured at 13,922 and 10,174 kcal/kg, respectively, further highlighting the potential of these catalysts in waste tire valorization.