A taxonomic study of the species of the Darwin wasp genus Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from the department of Caquet, Colombia, resulted in five new species being described: E. caqueta sp. nov. (Type locality: Curillo, Caquet), E. eneke sp. nov. (Type locality: San Vicente del Cagun, Caquet) E. interpunctum sp. nov. (Type locality: Solano, Caquet,), E. rumi sp. nov. (Type locality: Florencia, Caquet) and E. sinecarenatum sp. nov. (Type locality: Florencia, Caquet). With this paper, the number of Eiphosoma species from Colombia increases from three to 16. Eiphosoma bogan Gauld, 2000; E. dentator (Fabricius, 1804); E. dolopon Gauld, 2000; E. fluminense Costa Lima, 1953; E. fuzhi Gauld, 2000; E. macrum (Enderlein, 1921); E. minense Costa Lima, 1953 and E. tantalium Gauld, 2000 are recorded for the first time from Colombia. A dichotomous key to the Colombian species is presented.