1 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200240, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
2 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200240, China.
3 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong, China.
4 Tsinghua Medicine of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China.
5 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
6 Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
7 Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China.
8 State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
9 Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
10 Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, China.
11 Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK.
12 Clinical Trial Unit, Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address: haw309@mail.harvard.edu.
13 Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA 94010, USA. Electronic address: dklonoff@diabetestechnology.org.
14 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.
15 Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. Electronic address: thamyc@nus.edu.sg.
16 Tsinghua Medicine of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore. Electronic address: wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
17 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn.