Objective: To explore the latest clinical characteristics and development trends of posterior malleolus fracture. Methods: Clinical information of inpatients with posterior malleolus fracture in Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Karamay Central Hospital from January 2014 to December 2022 were reviewed and collected. The imaging data of patients were acquired using the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. A statistical analysis was performed as to gender, current age, year of admission, injury mechanism, fracture type, and posterior malleolus fracture classification. Moreover, a comparative analysis was conducted on the injury mechanisms and morphological differences of posterior malleolus fracture at different periods, regions, and age groups. Results: A total of 472 patients (210 patients from Shanghai Tongji Hospital and 262 patients from Karamay Central Hospital) with posterior malleolus fracture with a mean age of (48.7±15.6) years were included in this study. The peak of posterior malleolus fracture occurs in the age group of 50-59 years. The injury mechanisms mainly involve low-energy fall and sprain (411 cases, 87.1%), followed by traffic accidents (52 cases, 11.0%), and fall injury from height (9 cases, 1.9%). The number of cases according to different fracture types showed the following descending order: trimalleolar fracture-supination extorsion (335 cases, 71.0%), bimalleolar fracture (60 cases, 12.7%), trimalleolar fracture-pronation extorsion (43 cases, 9.1%), posterior malleolus+tibial shaft fracture (19 cases, 4.0%), simple posterior malleolus fracture (15 cases, 3.2%). The numbers of cases corresponding to the Haraguchi Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ type of posterior malleolus fractures was 369 (78.2%), 49 (10.4%), and 54 (11.4%), respectively. The Tongji ⅡA type represented the highest number of cases (249 cases, 52.8%), followed by the ⅡB type (120 cases, 25.4%), Ⅰ type (54 cases, 11.4%), ⅢB type (36 cases, 7.6%), and ⅢA type (13 cases, 2.8%). However, no obvious statistical difference was observed in the injury mechanism, Haraguchi classification, and Tongji classification of posterior malleolus fractures among different years and regions from the year of 2014 to 2022 (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The injury mechanism of posterior malleolus fracture mainly involves low-energy fall and sprain cases. The trimalleolar fracture-supination extorsion, Haraguchi Ⅰ type and Tongji ⅡA type of posterior malleolus fracture are predilection fracture types, and all present an obvious incidence peak in the age group of 50-59 years. There has been no significant change in the development trend of clinical characteristics of posterior malleolus fractures in recent years.
目的： 探索后踝骨折临床特征。 方法： 回顾性采集2014年1月至2022年12月间上海同济医院及克拉玛依市中心医院收治的后踝骨折住院患者临床信息，并利用医学影像计算机存档与传输系统获取患者的影像学资料，统计分析患者性别、年龄、受伤时间、损伤机制、骨折类型、后踝骨折分型情况等，并对比分析不同时期、不同地域及不同年龄段后踝骨折的损伤机制及形态学差异。 结果： 共纳入后踝骨折患者472例，包括：上海同济医院210例，克拉玛依市中心医院262例，年龄（48.7±15.6）岁。患者年龄50~59岁间出现后踝骨折峰值。损伤机制主要以低能量损伤跌倒扭伤为主（411例，87.1%），其次为车祸外伤（52例，11.0%）、高处坠落伤（9例，1.9%）。不同骨折类型例数由高至低依次为：三踝骨折-旋后外旋型335例（71.0%）、双踝骨折60例（12.7%）、三踝骨折-旋前外旋型43例（9.1%）、后踝+胫骨干骨折19例（4.0%）、单纯后踝骨折15例（3.2%）。后踝骨折Haraguchi分型Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型对应例数分别为369例（78.2%）、49例（10.4%）和54例（11.4%）。后踝骨折同济分型发生例数最高者为ⅡA型249例（52.8%），其次为ⅡB型 120例（25.4%）、Ⅰ型 54例（11.4%）、ⅢB型 36例（7.6%）及ⅢA型 13例（2.8%）。2014至2022年不同年份、不同地域后踝骨折患者损伤机制、后踝骨折Haraguchi分型及后踝骨折同济分型差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论： 后踝骨折患者损伤机制以低能量跌倒扭伤为主，好发骨折类型为三踝骨折-旋后外旋型、后踝骨折HaraguchiⅠ型及同济分型ⅡA型，且均于50~59岁呈明显发病高峰。近年后踝骨折临床特征未见明显变化。.