Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
• ² Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium.
• ³ Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ⁴ Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: Reiner.wiest@insel.ch.