Energy Partitioning and Latent Heat Flux Driving Factors of the CAM Plant Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) Grown in the South Subtropical China

Zhigang Liu; Baoshan Zhao; Haofang Yan; Junbo Su

doi:10.3390/plants13010021

Energy Partitioning and Latent Heat Flux Driving Factors of the CAM Plant Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) Grown in the South Subtropical China

Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 20;13(1):21. doi: 10.3390/plants13010021.

Authors

Zhigang Liu^{1

2}, Baoshan Zhao^{1

3}, Haofang Yan⁴, Junbo Su¹

Affiliations

¹ South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
² Long'an Yangpu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning 532704, China.
³ Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
⁴ Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.

Abstract

Elucidation of different vegetation energy partitioning and environmental control factors at the agro-ecosystem levels is critical for better understanding and scientific management of farmland. Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) is a tropical plant widely cultivated in the southern subtropical region of China; however, the energy partitioning of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants like pineapple and their interactions with the environment remain not well understood. In this study, we investigated the energy partitioning patterns of pineapple fields and latent heat flux (LET) response to environmental factors using the Bowen ratio energy balance system and meteorological observation field data. The results showed that the CAM plant pineapple energy partitioning was significantly different from the common C₃ and C₄ crops during the study period, which was mainly attributed to the complex interactions between CAM plant transpiration and the environment. Specifically, sensible heat flux was the main component of net radiation (R_n), followed by the LET, accounting for 65.0% and 30.8% of the R_n, respectively. Soil heat flux accounts for a very small fraction (4.2%). The mean values of the Bowen ratio were 2.09 and 1.41 for sunny and cloudy days during the daytime and 0.74 and 0.46 at night, respectively. LET is a key factor in responding to crop growth status and agricultural water management, and the path analysis indicates that its variation is mainly influenced directly by R_n with a direct path coefficient of 0.94 on sunny days, followed by vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and relative humidity, which indirectly affect LET through the R_n pathway, whereas soil moisture and wind speed have a low effect on LET. On cloudy days, the effect of R_n on LET was overwhelmingly dominant, with a direct path coefficient of 0.91. The direct path coefficients of the remaining factors on LET were very small and negative. Overall, this study is an important reference for enhancing the impact of pineapple as well as CAM plants on the surface energy balance and regional climate.

Keywords: Bowen ratio; CAM plant; energy partitioning; environmental factors; evapotranspiration; tropical fruits.

Abstract

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