Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted disease appropriate to elevated blood glucose levels resulting from decreased insulin and beta-cell activity. Using a case-control methodology, researchers have examined the relationship between polymorphisms in LEPR and T2DM in a population from south India.Materials and Methods: We conducted a genetic analysis of 311 participants, and results were accomplished using a case-control study, a meta-analysis of previous studies on LEPR was conducted, and type 2 diabetes genotype distribution across various geographical regions Malaysians, Chinese Han, Kuwait, Iran, Mongolia, and Han Chinese, Greece, Saudi, India (North India, Punjabi), (South India, Tamilnadu). The study involved 254 prospective investigations, and nine association studies were preferred according to preset criteria. Studies were assessed for quality using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). An analysis of the genetic models was conducted to determine their relationship, statistical analysis was utilized to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and matching 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The LEPR-rs1137101 polymorphism in the case-control study was associated with a significant increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis revealed a connection between LEPR gene polymorphism (rs1137101) and type 2 diabetes risk. Investigators might gain a more profound thought on the significance of the identified genetic variation and its impact on the chance of developing type 2 diabetes by verifying and strengthening previously reported findings. The model of fixed effects was chosen due to the low heterogeneity, and significant associations were observed in the allelic (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.70-0.87]), homozygote (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.46-0.72]), dominant (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.56-0.79]), and recessive (OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.71-0.96]) genetic models. A Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test indicated no publication bias. These findings suggest that the rs1137101 variant in the LEPR gene has been linked to a higher risk of T2DM.Conclusions: A larger sample size, however, is required for further research, and consideration of potential confounding factors is needed to validate these associations. Understanding the implications of LEPR gene polymorphisms in T2DM susceptibility may contribute to personalized treatment strategies for patients with T2DM.
Keywords: LEPR gene; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; meta-analysis; polymorphism; systematic review.
T2DM is the prevailing diabetes type globally, impacting approximately 90% of people living with diabetes. T2DM has become more commonplace, irrespective of socioeconomic status or demographic background.T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by increased blood glucose levels. Recent research indicates a substantial global rise in T2DM cases, suggesting a growing public health concern.The development of type 2 diabetes is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Among the genetic factors, the LEPR gene (leptin receptor gene) has been extensively studied and is associated with insulin sensitivity, hunger regulation, and energy consumption.The LEPR gene contains a polymorphism known as Gln223Arg, which alters the 223rd amino acid from arginine to glutamine and may influence signal transduction, potentially increasing susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.Investigations into the relationship between T2DM susceptibility and the LEPR gene variant (rs1137101) have been carried out through case-control studies and meta-analyses. The results imply that this genetic variation may influence type 2 diabetes risk, particularly in specific ethnic populations. To fully understand the precise mechanisms underlying these associations and to validate them further, more comprehensive research with larger sample sizes is necessary.In general, knowledge of the genetic components—such as the variant of the LEPR gene—can offer important insights into the pathophysiology of T2DM and could result in the creation of more specialized and individualized treatment plans.