Objective: To investigate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in logistics workers of automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou, and explore their potential categories and influencing factors, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs in logistics workers of automobile manufacturing enterprises. Methods: From April to May 2020, a convenient sampling method was adopted to select 1442 logistics workers in 2 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou as the research objects. The incidence of WMSDs among them was investigated by using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the incidence pattern of WMSDs among the subjects was analyzed by the method of potential category analysis. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the disease. Results: The total prevalence of WMSDs was 42.9% (619/1442). The three parts with high prevalence of WMSDs were neck (23.5%, 339/1442), shoulder (21.3%, 307/1442) and lower back (19.1%, 275/1442). 69.0% (427/619) of the patients showed simultaneous disease in two or more sites. The subjects were divided into four latent groups by the analysis of latent categories: the group with multiple body parts (4.51%), the group with very low or no disease (70.39%), the group with shoulder and neck and upper back (11.37%), and the group with limbs and lower back (13.73%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the "very low or no disease group", the risk factors of multiple body parts of automotive logistics workers suffering from WMSDs mainly included: Working posture uncomfortable (OR=3.10, 95%CI: 1.44~6.70, P=0.004), often bend and turn (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.05~5.29, P=0.037), bend your knees homework for a long time (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.17~4.47, P=0.015) ; Working posture uncomfortable (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.51~3.38, P<0.001), bending the neck (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.03~2.74, P=0.036), neck minister time keep the same position (OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.22~2.67, P= 0.003) It is a risk factor for shoulder, neck and upper back WMSDs; Risk factors for limb-lower back WMSDs include: Length > 10 years (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.24~3.78, P<0.001), the working position uncomfortable (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.63~3.48, P<0.001), bending the neck (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.03~2.68, P=0.039) . Conclusion: The prevalence rate of WMSDs among logistics workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises is high, which has obvious characteristics of classification and comorbis, and is closely related to individual characteristics such as sufficient rest time and working posture of workers.
目的： 了解广州市汽车制造企业物流作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）的发生情况，探讨其潜在类别及其影响因素，为汽车制造企业物流作业工人WMSDs防控提供依据。 方法： 于2020年4~5月，采用方便抽样方法，选择广州市2家汽车制造企业1 442名物流作业工人为研究对象，采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查WMSDs患病情况，运用潜类别分析方法对研究对象WMSDs患病模式进行分析，用χ(2)检验及多元logistic回归模型分析各类别人群的患病影响因素。 结果： WMSDs总患病率为42.9%（619/1 442），WMSDs患病率较高的3个部位分别为颈部（23.5%，339/1 442）、肩部（21.3%，307/1 442）、下背部（19.1%，275/1 442）。69.0%（427/619）的患病人群表现为两个或两个以上部位同时患病。经潜类别分析将研究对象分为4个潜类别：全身多部位共患组（4.51%）、极低或无患病组（70.39%）、肩颈-上背共患组（11.37%）、四肢-下背共患组（13.73%）。多元logistic回归显示，与"极低或无患病组"比较，汽车制造物流作业工人全身多部位共患WMSDs的危险因素主要包括：工作姿势不舒服（OR=3.10，95%CI：1.44~6.70，P=0.004）、经常弯腰同时转身（OR=2.36，95%CI：1.05~5.29，P=0.037）、长时间屈膝作业（OR=2.29，95%CI：1.17~4.47，P=0.015）。工作姿势不舒服（OR=2.26，95%CI：1.51~3.38，P<0.001）、颈部弯曲（OR=1.68，95%CI：1.03~2.74，P=0.036）、颈部长时间保持同一姿势（OR=1.81，95%CI：1.22~2.67，P=0.003）是肩颈-上背WMSDs共患的危险因素；工龄>10年（OR=2.16，95%CI：1.24~3.78，P<0.001）、工作姿势不舒服（OR=2.38，95%CI：1.63~3.48，P<0.001）、颈部弯曲（OR=1.66，95%CI：1.03~2.68，P=0.039）是四肢-下背WMSDs共患的危险因素。 结论： 汽车制造企业物流作业工人WMSDs患病率高，具有明显的分类共患特征，且与休息时间是否充足、劳动者作业姿势等个体特征密切关系。.
Keywords: Automobile manufacturing enterprises; Influencing factors; Latent class analysis; Logistics workers; Musculoskeletal disorders; Work-related musculoskeletal disorders.