Body composition and sexual hormones for the glucose control of autoimmune diabetes in males: are they necessary to predict diabetes-related complications?

Mireia García Ramírez; Ángel Rebollo Román; Rafael Palomares Ortega; Rosario Alonso-Echague; María Luisa Calle-Castro; María Ángeles Gálvez Moreno; María José Molina Puerta; Aura D Herrera-Martínez

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1283057

Body composition and sexual hormones for the glucose control of autoimmune diabetes in males: are they necessary to predict diabetes-related complications?

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Dec 21:14:1283057. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1283057. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mireia García Ramírez^#^{1

2}, Ángel Rebollo Román^#^{1

2}, Rafael Palomares Ortega^{1

2}, Rosario Alonso-Echague^{1

3}, María Luisa Calle-Castro^{1

2}, María Ángeles Gálvez Moreno^{1

2}, María José Molina Puerta^{1

2}, Aura D Herrera-Martínez^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
² Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
³ General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Glucose control in diabetes is essential for avoiding diabetes-related complications.

Aim: To determine the impact of body composition and sexual hormones in glucose control and diabetes-related complications, in males with autoimmune diabetes.

Patients and methods: Thirty-nine patients with autoimmune diabetes and flash glucose monitoring were included. A morphofunctional nutritional evaluation with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), abdominal adipose tissue ultrasound, rectus femoris ultrasound and biochemical parameters, was performed.

Results: Strong, positive correlations were observed between body composition parameters, biochemical variables and sexual hormones (p<0.05). Adipose tissue measured by BIVA and ultrasound was more significantly associated with glucose control (including time in range >70%, glucose variability <36% determined by flash glucose monitoring; p<0.05) and the presence of microvascular/macrovascular complications (p<0.05) than lean mass. After adjusting by the duration of diabetes, BMI, abdominal circumference, fat mass and phase angle increased the risk for microvascular complications (OR 1.32(1.00 - 1.73), OR 1.06(1.00 - 1.12), OR 1.14(1.01 - 1.20), 0R 0.3(0.10 - 0.91) respectively; for macrovascular complications: BMI OR 1.38(1.04 - 1.84) and fat mass OR 1.26(1.00 - 1.58)]. Sexual hormone levels did not influence on glucose control or the development of diabetes-related complications.

Conclusion: Anthrpometric parameters, especially adipose tissue, were associated with glucose control and variability determined by flash glucose monitoring. Furthermore, changes in fat and lean mass were associated with the presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Thus, a comprehensive nutritional evaluation might be useful for the evaluation of males with autoimmune diabetes, in order to identify patients with increased risk of complications.

Keywords: autoimmune diabetes; fat mass; glucose control; microvascular complications; sexual hormones.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Blood Glucose
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
Body Composition
Diabetes Complications*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / complications
Glucose
Humans
Male

Substances

Blood Glucose
Glucose

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by Junta de Andalucía (PI-0038-2019, BIO-0139), Instituto de Salud Carlos III: JR19/00050.