The burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa region

Saeid Safiri; Kamaleddin Hassanzadeh; Sina Janbaz Alamdary; Seyed Ehsan Mousavi; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Mark J M Sullman; Nima Naghdi-Sedeh; Ali-Asghar Kolahi

doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1276965

The burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa region

Front Oncol. 2023 Dec 22:13:1276965. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276965. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Saeid Safiri^{1

2}, Kamaleddin Hassanzadeh³, Sina Janbaz Alamdary⁴, Seyed Ehsan Mousavi¹, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi^{5

6}, Mark J M Sullman^{7

8}, Nima Naghdi-Sedeh³, Ali-Asghar Kolahi⁹

Affiliations

¹ Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
² Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
⁵ Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁶ Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
⁸ Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
⁹ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: The incidence rate of testicular cancer has risen in many countries during recent decades. This study aimed to outline the impact of testicular cancer on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019, examining its burden by age group and according to the socio-demographic index (SDI).

Methods: Data on the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to testicular cancer were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The counts and age-standardized rates (per 100,000) were reported, and all rates were accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Results: In MENA, the age-standardized incidence rate of testicular cancer was 1.4 per 100,000 in 2019, showing a 244.0% increase since 1990. Similarly, the annual death rate, at 0.1, experienced a 2.6% rise during the same period. In 2019, testicular cancer accounted for 31.1 thousand DALYs, marking an age-standardized rate of 5.0, which was 2.8% higher than in 1990. The 1-4 age group exhibited the largest incidence rate in 2019. In addition, in both 1990 and 2019 the MENA/Global DALY ratio was higher than one in the 1-14 year age groups. During the period 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate of testicular cancer steadily rose with higher SDI values, except for a decrease observed at an SDI of 0.8.

Conclusion: Over the last thirty years, there has been a notable rise in the burden of testicular cancer in the MENA region.

Keywords: Middle East and North Africa; disability-adjusted life-years; epidemiology; mortality; testicular neoplasm.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant No. 43004455) also supported the present report.