Combined microbiome and metabolomics analysis of Taorong-type baijiu high-temperature Daqu and medium-temperature Daqu

Yanbo Liu; Junyi Wu; Haideng Li; Wenxi Liu; Zhenke Zhang; Suna Han; Jianguang Hou; Chunmei Pan

doi:10.7717/peerj.16621

Combined microbiome and metabolomics analysis of Taorong-type baijiu high-temperature Daqu and medium-temperature Daqu

PeerJ. 2024 Jan 3:12:e16621. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16621. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yanbo Liu^{1

2

3}, Junyi Wu^{1

2

3}, Haideng Li^{2

4}, Wenxi Liu^{1

2

3}, Zhenke Zhang⁵, Suna Han⁵, Jianguang Hou⁵, Chunmei Pan^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Liquor Brewing Microbial Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
² College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
³ Henan Liquor Style Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
⁴ College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
⁵ Henan Yangshao Distillery Co., Ltd., Mianchi, China.

Abstract

Background: Daqu is an essential starter for baijiu brewing in China. However, the microbial enrichment and metabolic characteristics of Daqu formed at different fermentation temperatures are still unclear.

Methods: High-throughput sequencing technology and the non-targeted metabolomics were used to compare the microbial communities and metabolites of Taorong-type high-temperature Daqu and middle-temperature Daqu. In this study, the relationship between microorganisms and metabolites was established.

Results: The study found that the composition and metabolites of the microbial community differed due to the difference in Daqu-making temperature. The bacterial diversity of Taorong-type high-temperature Daqu was higher than that of middle-temperature Daqu, while the fungal community diversity of Taorong-type middle-temperature Daqu was higher than that of high temperature Daqu. A total of 1,034 differential metabolites were screened from the two types of Daqu, and 76 metabolites with significant differences were detected (P < 0.001 and variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.15). Tetraacetylethylenediamine is the metabolite with the largest differential fold among the 76 differential metabolites, which can be used as a potential marker metabolite of high-temperature Daqu.

Conclusion: This study helps elucidate the microbial assembly mechanisms and functional expression under different processing conditions through a further understanding of the composition and metabolic profile differences of different types of Daqu microflora in Taorong-type baijiu.

Keywords: Correlation analysis; Daqu; Metabolomics; Taorong-type baijiu.

MeSH terms

China
Metabolomics
Microbiota*
Mycobiome*
Temperature

Grants and funding

This work supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province of China (202102110130), the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province of China (181100211400) and the Food Science and Engineering Key Discipline Construction Project of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy (XJXK202203). The Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province (231111112000) and the Key Discipline Construction Project of Food Science and Engineering of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy (XJXK202203) supported the APC for this article. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.