Mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS storms in long COVID pathogenesis

Kunwadee Noonong; Moragot Chatatikun; Sirirat Surinkaew; Manas Kotepui; Rahni Hossain; Kingkan Bunluepuech; Chanittha Noothong; Aman Tedasen; Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud; Motoki Imai; Fumitaka Kawakami; Makoto Kubo; Yoshimasa Kitagawa; Hiroshi Ichikawa; Takuro Kanekura; Suriyan Sukati; Voravuth Somsak; Lunla Udomwech; Takafumi Ichikawa; Veeranoot Nissapatorn; Jitbanjong Tangpong; Hiroko P Indo; Hideyuki J Majima

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275001

Mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS storms in long COVID pathogenesis

Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 22:14:1275001. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275001. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Kunwadee Noonong^#^{1

2}, Moragot Chatatikun^#^{1

3}, Sirirat Surinkaew^{1

3}, Manas Kotepui¹, Rahni Hossain¹, Kingkan Bunluepuech⁴, Chanittha Noothong¹, Aman Tedasen^{1

2}, Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud^{1

2}, Motoki Imai^{5

6}, Fumitaka Kawakami^{6

7

8}, Makoto Kubo^{6

9

10}, Yoshimasa Kitagawa¹¹, Hiroshi Ichikawa¹², Takuro Kanekura¹³, Suriyan Sukati¹, Voravuth Somsak^{1

2}, Lunla Udomwech⁴, Takafumi Ichikawa^{6

7}, Veeranoot Nissapatorn^{1

2}, Jitbanjong Tangpong^{1

2}, Hiroko P Indo^{14

15}, Hideyuki J Majima^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
² Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
³ Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
⁴ School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
⁵ Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
⁶ Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
⁷ Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.
⁸ Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
⁹ Division of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
¹¹ Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
¹² Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
¹³ Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
¹⁵ Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Engineering, Kagoshima, Japan.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Significance: This review discusses the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology in the context of diabetes and intracellular reactions by COVID-19, including mitochondrial oxidative stress storms, mitochondrial ROS storms, and long COVID.

Recent advances: The long COVID is suffered in ~10% of the COVID-19 patients. Even the virus does not exist, the patients suffer the long COVID for even over a year, This disease could be a mitochondria dysregulation disease.

Critical issues: Patients who recover from COVID-19 can develop new or persistent symptoms of multi-organ complications lasting weeks or months, called long COVID. The underlying mechanisms involved in the long COVID is still unclear. Once the symptoms of long COVID persist, they cause significant damage, leading to numerous, persistent symptoms.

Future directions: A comprehensive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms related to long COVID and effective drugs to treat and prevent it are required, which will aid the development of future long COVID treatments and symptom relief.

Keywords: COVID-19; long Covid; mitochondria; mitochondrial ROS storms; oxidative stress.

Copyright © 2023 Noonong, Chatatikun, Surinkaew, Kotepui, Hossain, Bunluepuech, Noothong, Tedasen, Klangbud, Imai, Kawakami, Kubo, Kitagawa, Ichikawa, Kanekura, Sukati, Somsak, Udomwech, Ichikawa, Nissapatorn, Tangpong, Indo and Majima.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Comment

MeSH terms

COVID-19*
Humans
Mitochondria
Oxidative Stress
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome*
Reactive Oxygen Species

Substances

Reactive Oxygen Species

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the COVID-19 Kitasato project and a grant from Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences (Grant-in-Aid for Research Project, No. 2022-1013) and in part, supported by Walailak University.