The study was aimed to analyze the seasonal pollen allergen spectrum of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Nanchang city, and to provide evidence for improving the clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and epidemiology of seasonal AR. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the results of skin prick test (SPT) among 1 752 patients with AR in outpatient at Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2020 to August 2021 (a total of 1 069 males and 683 females, age ranged from 2 to 84 years old). SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the positive rates of main allergens and their differences in gender, age, and month of visit. Differences among groups were compared by student t test, Wilcox rank sum test, or χ2 test. The results showed that among 1 752 SPT-positive patients, the number of simple seasonal AR and the number of perennial combined seasonal AR were 102 (5.82%) and 281 (16.04%), respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female patients in positive seasonal pollen allergens (χ2=2.181, P>0.05), but the positive rate of indoor seasonal pollen allergens in males was higher than that in females (χ2=7.901, P<0.05). The seasonal pollen allergens ranking top 5 of the positive rates were willow (6.62%, 116/1 752), humulus scandens (5.71%, 100/1 752), rape (5.54%, 97/1 752), grey pigweed (4.62%, 81/1 752) and birch (3.60%, 63/1 752). The positive rates of indoor and seasonal pollen allergens increased first and then decreased in different age groups, and the highest positive rates of seasonal pollen allergens were in the age group of 31-40 years old, with statistical significance compared with other groups (χ2=61.269, P<0.05). The seasonal allergen positive rate showed two peaks in time: March to May and September to November. The positive rate of pollen in spring was 60.27% (132/219), which was significantly higher than that in autumn (39.73%,87/219) (χ2=9.247, P<0.05). The positive rate of pollen combination in spring and autumn was 68.29% (112/164), which was significantly higher than that in spring and autumn alone (18.9%,31/164) and (12.8%, 21/164) (χ2=14.731, P<0.05). In summary, pollen allergy in Nanchang City cannot be ignored, accounting for more than 20% of the total number of AR. The incidence of seasonal AR in Nanchang City showed two peaks (March to May and September to November). The common allergens for seasonal AR in Nanchang City were willow, humulus scandens, rape, grey chenopods and birch.
分析南昌市变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患者季节性花粉变应原谱，为完善季节性AR的临床诊治、预防及流行病学研究提供依据。采用回顾性分析2020年9月至2021年8月就诊于南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻喉科门诊AR患者（共1 752人，其中男性1 069人，女性683人，年龄范围2~84岁）的变应原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test，SPT）结果，应用SPSS 22.0软件对比分析患者主要变应原阳性率及其在性别、年龄、不同就诊月份之间的差异，组间差异采用student t检验、Wilcox秩和检验或χ2检验方法比较。结果显示，1 752例 SPT阳性结果患者中，单纯季节性AR、常年性合并季节性AR人数分别为102（5.82%）和281（16.04%）；单纯季节性花粉变应原阳性在男、女性之间差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.181，P>0.05），但男性常年性室内合并季节性花粉变应原阳性率高于女性（χ2=7.901，P<0.05）。季节性花粉变应原阳性率前5位依次为柳树（6.62%，116/1 752）、葎草（5.71%，100/1 752）、油菜（5.54%，97/1 752）、灰藜（4.62%，81/1 752）和桦树（3.60%，63/1 752）。常年性室内和季节性花粉变应原阳性率在不同年龄组中均呈现先增高后下降趋势，其中季节性花粉变应原阳性率最高的年龄段为31~40岁，与其他组比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=61.269，P<0.05）。季节性过敏原阳性率在时间上呈现两个高峰：3—5月份和9—11月份。单一花粉过敏者，春季花粉阳性率为60.27%（132/219），显著高于秋季花粉阳性率39.73%（87/219）（χ2=9.247，P<0.05）；多种花粉过敏者，春秋两季花粉组合阳性率为68.29%（112/164），显著高于单纯春季花粉阳性率18.9%（31/164）和单纯秋季花粉阳性率12.8%（21/164）（χ2=14.731，P<0.05）。综上，南昌市地区的花粉过敏状况不容忽视，占AR总人数的20%以上。南昌市地区季节性AR发病呈现出2个高峰（3—5月份与9—11月份）。南昌市地区季节性AR以柳树、葎草、油菜、灰藜、桦树等为常见变应原。.