Objective: To summarize the experience of facial nerve(FN) preservation in microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach and to analyze the influencing factors of facial function prognosis in short-term and long-term period. Methods: Patients with VS who underwent microsurgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach by the skull base surgery team in Huashan Hospital from January 2013 to February 2018 were enrolled. A total of 308 patients were included in this study, including 132 males and 176 females. The average age was 47.9 year-old (Range: 17-79 year-old). The patient's clinical data and FN function prognosis were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 23.0 statistical software were performed to evaluate the factors affecting facial function prognosis and its recovery. Results: Gross total resection was achieved in 304 cases, and subtotal resection was in 4 cases. The facial nerve preservation rate anatomically was 99.4%. The facial nerve of 2 cases was thin due to large tumor compression and severed, and a one-stage reconstruction was performed during surgery.Of the 308 patients, 300 cases were successfully followed up, and 8 cases were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 52 months. In short-term (2 weeks after surgery), satisfactory facial nerve function (House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) was achieved in 96 cases, and 212 cases were unsatisfactory function (H-B grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ). After 1 year, 198 were satisfactory function and 97 were unsatisfactory. After 3 years, 219 were satisfactory function and 75 were unsatisfactory. Five years later, 155 were satisfactory function and 34 were unsatisfactory. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the impact factors of FN function in short-term were tumor size (P=0.011) and stimulation threshold (ST) of EMG monitoring (P<0.001). The impact factors in long-term were tumor size (P=0.005), ST of EMG monitoring (P=0.005) and FN rehabilitation training. Conclusions: Tumor diameter is an independent factor related to FN function, and the larger the tumor, the worse the postoperative FN function. The ST of EMG (ST≤0.05 mA) can predict short-term and long-term FN function. The systematic facial rehabilitation training can effectively promote the recovery of FN after surgery.
目的： 总结枕下乙状窦后入路手术切除前庭神经鞘瘤的术后短期和长期面神经功能情况及面神经保护经验，并分析其影响因素。 方法： 收集2013年1月至2018年2月在复旦大学附属华山医院由颅底外科小组行显微镜下枕下乙状窦后入路手术的前庭神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料，共纳入308例，其中男性132例、女性176例，年龄17~79岁，平均年龄47.9岁。记录患者临床表现、影像学表现、术中所见及术后面神经功能随访结果。使用SPSS 23.0统计软件，对短期及长期面神经功能及影响其恢复的变量进行单因素和多因素分析。 结果： 304例肿瘤完全切除，4例近全切除；306例面神经解剖保留，2例面神经离断，术中均予行神经吻合一期重建。300例成功随访，8例失访。随访时间1~60个月（平均52.0个月）。术后2周内面神经功能良好［House-Brackmann（HB）分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级］96例，功能不良（HB分级Ⅲ~Ⅵ级）212例；术后1年随访共295例，其中198例面神经功能良好，97例功能不良；术后3年随访共294例，其中面神经功能良好者219例，功能不良75例；随访到术后5年者共189例，其中面神经功能良好者155例，功能不良者34例。逻辑回归分析显示，影响术后短期面神经功能的相关因素有肿瘤直径（P=0.011）和术末面神经刺激阈值（P<0.001）；影响术后长期面神经功能的相关因素包括肿瘤直径（P=0.005）、术末面神经刺激阈值（P=0.005）及面神经康复训练等。 结论： 肿瘤直径是与术后面神经功能相关的独立因素，肿瘤越大术后面神经功能更差；术中电生理监测的肌电图微小电流刺激（刺激阈值≤0.05 mA）可以预测短期和长期的面神经功能预后；系统的面部康复训练能有效促进手术后面神经功能的恢复。.