A dual-mode assay kit using a portable potentiostat connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth communication and a potential-power angle-based paper device susceptible for low-cost point-of-care testing of iodide and dopamine

Mina Fotouhi; Shahram Seidi; Yasaman Razeghi; Shahab Torfinezhad

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.342127

A dual-mode assay kit using a portable potentiostat connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth communication and a potential-power angle-based paper device susceptible for low-cost point-of-care testing of iodide and dopamine

Anal Chim Acta. 2024 Jan 25:1287:342127. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342127. Epub 2023 Dec 12.

Authors

Mina Fotouhi¹, Shahram Seidi², Yasaman Razeghi¹, Shahab Torfinezhad³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran; Nanomaterial, Separation and Trace Analysis Research Lab, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran; Nanomaterial, Separation and Trace Analysis Research Lab, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: s.seidi@kntu.ac.ir.
³ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 38182351
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342127

Abstract

Background: Considering that the brain controls most of the body's activities, it is very important to measure the factors affecting its function, such as dopamine and iodide. Due to the growing population in the world, it is necessary to provide fast, cheap and accurate methods with the capability of on-site analysis and without the need for invasive sampling and operator skill. As a result, there is a strong desire to replace laboratory instruments with small sensors for point-of-care testing. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are one of the popular zero-cost approaches to achieve this goal.

Results: We developed a simple and disposable diagnostic paper system based on electroanalytical and potential-power angle-based methods. First, we prepared an angle-based analytical system capable of performing semi-quantitative iodide analysis simply by reading the colored angle traveled. This system design is based on a channel containing complex reagents and two pencil-drawn electrodes to apply a constant voltage accelerating the anions migration. Meanwhile, a three-electrode system based on conductive pencil graphite is developed to measure dopamine concentration based on linear sweep voltammetry. For the quantitative analysis, the voltammetric data was wirelessly transmitted to a mobile device via Bluetooth communication. In this context, a power supply providing the required voltage for the migration of iodide ions, a portable potentiostat system, and a mobile application for measuring dopamine were developed. The calibration curves for I^- and dopamine range from 3.5 × 10^-4-47.0 × 10^-4 and 10.0 × 10^-6-1000.0 × 10^-6 mol L^-1 with LODs of 2.3 × 10^-4 and 5.0 × 10^-6 mol L^-1, respectively.

Significance and novelty: A new portable dual-mode voltage-assisted integrated PAD platform was designed for iodide and dopamine analysis. The characteristics of this device allow non-experts to carry out in-field analysis using sub-100 μL saliva sample with a time-to-result of <10 min along with reducing the overall cost and operational complexity.

Keywords: Dopamine; Electronic board with wireless; Iodide; Pencil drawn three-electrode paper system; Potential-power angle-based paper device.

MeSH terms

Communication
Dopamine
Iodides
Mobile Applications*
Smartphone*

Substances

Iodides
Dopamine