Single-Atom Alloys Materials for CO2 and CH4 Catalytic Conversion

Abstract

The catalytic conversion of greenhouse gases CH₄ and CO₂ constitutes an effective approach for alleviating the greenhouse effect and generating valuable chemical products. However, the intricate molecular characteristics characterized by high symmetry and bond energies, coupled with the complexity of associated reactions, pose challenges for conventional catalysts to attain high activity, product selectivity, and enduring stability. Single-atom alloys (SAAs) materials, distinguished by their tunable composition and unique electronic structures, confer versatile physicochemical properties and modulable functionalities. In recent years, SAAs materials demonstrate pronounced advantages and expansive prospects in catalytic conversion of CH₄ and CO₂. This review begins by introducing the challenges entailed in catalytic conversion of CH₄ and CO₂ and the advantages offered by SAAs. Subsequently, the intricacies of synthesis strategies employed for SAAs are presented and characterization techniques and methodologies are introduced. The subsequent section furnishes a meticulous and inclusive overview of research endeavors concerning SAAs in CO₂ catalytic conversion, CH₄ conversion, and synergy CH₄ and CO₂ conversion. The particular emphasis is directed toward scrutinizing the intricate mechanisms underlying the influence of SAAs on reaction activity and product selectivity. Finally, insights are presented on the development and future challenges of SAAs in CH₄ and CO₂ conversion reactions.

Keywords: carbon dioxide conversion; catalysis; dry reforming of methane; methane conversion; single‐atom alloys.