Emerging diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema

Ying Yao; Fei Liu; Zhaowen Gu; Jingyu Wang; Lintao Xu; Yue Yu; Jing Cai; Reng Ren

doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1286351

Emerging diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema

Front Mol Neurosci. 2023 Dec 21:16:1286351. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1286351. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ying Yao^#¹, Fei Liu^#¹, Zhaowen Gu^#², Jingyu Wang², Lintao Xu², Yue Yu¹, Jing Cai¹, Reng Ren¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
² Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Stroke is a devastating condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The aftermath of a stroke, particularly hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and brain edema, can significantly impact the prognosis of patients. Early detection and effective management of these complications are crucial for improving outcomes in stroke patients. This review highlights the emerging diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets including claudin, occludin, zonula occluden, s100β, albumin, MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, MCP-1/CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL5, CX3CL1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, PECAM-1/CD31, JAMs, HMGB1, vWF, VEGF, ROS, NAC, and AQP4. The clinical significance and implications of these biomarkers were also discussed.

Keywords: S100β; albumin; diagnostic marker; edema; hemorrhagic transformation; stroke; therapeutic target; zonula occluden.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82272584) and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LQ23H090009).