Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis

Yi Zhou; Ru Chen; Lili Kong; Yaoyao Sun; Jing Deng

doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1282130

Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis

Front Neurol. 2023 Dec 21:14:1282130. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1282130. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Yi Zhou^{1

2}, Ru Chen², Lili Kong^{1

2}, Yaoyao Sun², Jing Deng^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
² Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China.

Abstract

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. The inhalation of allergens induces AR, which is an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role of neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU), released via "axon reflexes" or "central sensitization" exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit "neurogenic inflammation," which contributes to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) in AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced in immune cells. The frequent colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at certain anatomical regions promotes the establishment of neuroimmune cell units, such as nerve-mast cells, nerve-type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils and nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both on immune cells and neurons, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate AR pathogenesis. This review focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroimmune communication in AR.

Keywords: allergic rhinitis (AR); nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR); neurogenic inflammation; neuroimmune cell units; neuroimmune communication; neuropeptides.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by a grant from the Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project (no. 2022ZB358).