Mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia

Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Jan 1;20(1):175-181. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.86305. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disease involving hematopoietic stem cells that is characterized by myeloid cell proliferation in bone marrow and peripheral blood, and the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome with BCR-ABL fusion gene. Treatment of CML has dramatically improved since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, there are a small subset of CML patients who develop resistance to TKI. Mutations in the ABL kinase domain (KD) are currently recognized as the leading cause of TKI resistance in CML. In this review, we discuss the concept of resistance and summarize recent advances exploring the mechanisms underlying CML resistance. Overcoming TKI resistance appears to be the most successful approach to reduce the burden of leukemia and enhance cures for CML. Advances in new strategies to combat drug resistance may rapidly change the management of TKI-resistant CML and expand the prospects for available therapies.

Keywords: ABL mutation; TKI Resistance; chronic myeloid leukemia; mechanism.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / genetics
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / drug therapy
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / genetics
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / pathology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors*

Substances

  • Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors