Subretinal hyperreflective material in retinal and chorioretinal disorders: A comprehensive review

Alessandro Feo; Elisa Stradiotto; Riccardo Sacconi; Matteo Menean; Giuseppe Querques; Mario R Romano

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.013

Subretinal hyperreflective material in retinal and chorioretinal disorders: A comprehensive review

Surv Ophthalmol. 2024 May-Jun;69(3):362-377. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.013. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

Authors

Alessandro Feo¹, Elisa Stradiotto², Riccardo Sacconi³, Matteo Menean⁴, Giuseppe Querques⁵, Mario R Romano⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: alessandrofeo.96@gmail.com.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: elisa.stradiotto@humanitas.it.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ric.sacconi@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: menean.matteo@hsr.it.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.querques@hotmail.it.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, Bergamo, Italy. Electronic address: mario.romano@hunimed.eu.

PMID: 38160737
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.013

Abstract

Subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) is a common and remarkable optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker whose importance is emerging in several retinal and chorioretinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, pathologic myopia, posterior uveitis, vitelliform lesions and macular dystrophies, and rarer disorders. Multimodal imaging, also thanks to the introduction of OCT angiography, allowed a deeper characterisation of SHRM components and its morphological changes after treatment, suggesting its usefulness in clinical practice. We discuss and summarize the nature, multimodal imaging characteristics, and prognostic and predictive significance of SHRM in the different retinal and choroidal disorders in which it has been described.

Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Anti-VEGF therapy; Choroidal neovascularisation; Macular dystrophies; Macular neovascularisation; Pachychoroid disease; Pathologic myopia; Posterior uveitis; Subretinal hyperreflective material; Vitelliform material.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Choroid Diseases* / diagnosis
Fluorescein Angiography* / methods
Humans
Multimodal Imaging / methods
Retina / diagnostic imaging
Retina / pathology
Retinal Diseases* / diagnosis
Tomography, Optical Coherence* / methods