Long-lasting humoral and cellular memory immunity to vaccinia virus Tiantan provides pre-existing immunity against mpox virus in Chinese population

Min Li; Yaxin Guo; Yao Deng; Wenhui Gao; Baoying Huang; Weiyong Yao; Yingze Zhao; Qing Zhang; Mengkun Huang; Maoshun Liu; Lei Li; Peipei Guo; Jinmin Tian; Xin Wang; Ying Lin; Jinxian Gan; Yuanyuan Guo; Yuechao Hu; Jianing Zhang; Xiaonan Yang; Bingli Shang; Mengjie Yang; Yang Han; Yalan Wang; Peilei Cong; Mengzhe Li; Qiaohong Chu; Danni Zhang; Qihui Wang; Tong Zhang; Guizhen Wu; Wenjie Tan; George F Gao; Jun Liu

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113609

Long-lasting humoral and cellular memory immunity to vaccinia virus Tiantan provides pre-existing immunity against mpox virus in Chinese population

Cell Rep. 2024 Jan 23;43(1):113609. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113609. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

Authors

Min Li¹, Yaxin Guo², Yao Deng¹, Wenhui Gao³, Baoying Huang¹, Weiyong Yao⁴, Yingze Zhao⁵, Qing Zhang⁴, Mengkun Huang⁶, Maoshun Liu⁷, Lei Li⁷, Peipei Guo⁸, Jinmin Tian⁹, Xin Wang⁸, Ying Lin⁸, Jinxian Gan⁶, Yuanyuan Guo⁸, Yuechao Hu¹⁰, Jianing Zhang¹⁰, Xiaonan Yang⁸, Bingli Shang⁷, Mengjie Yang⁷, Yang Han⁹, Yalan Wang¹⁰, Peilei Cong¹⁰, Mengzhe Li¹⁰, Qiaohong Chu¹⁰, Danni Zhang¹⁰, Qihui Wang¹¹, Tong Zhang¹², Guizhen Wu¹³, Wenjie Tan¹⁴, George F Gao¹⁵, Jun Liu¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
² National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
³ Chaoyang District for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100021, China.
⁴ Dongba Community Healthcare Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.
⁵ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
⁶ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
⁷ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
⁸ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
⁹ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
¹⁰ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
¹¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
¹² Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
¹³ National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: wugz@ivdc.chinacdc.cn.
¹⁴ National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: tanwj@ivdc.chinacdc.cn.
¹⁵ NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: gaof@im.ac.cn.
¹⁶ National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: liujun@ivdc.chinacdc.cn.

PMID: 38159277
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113609

Abstract

Investigating immune memory to vaccinia virus and pre-existing immunity to mpox virus (MPXV) among the population is crucial for the global response to this ongoing mpox epidemic. Blood was sampled from vaccinees inoculated with vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) strain born before 1981 and unvaccinated control subjects born since 1982. After at least 40 years of the inoculation, 60% or 5% VTT vaccinees possess neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to VTT or MPXV, with at least 50% having T cell memory to VTT protein antigens. Notably, 46.7% vaccinees show pre-existing T cell responses to MPXV. Broad pre-existing CD8⁺ T cell reactivities to MPXV are detected not only against conserved epitopes but also against variant epitopes between VTT and MPXV. Persistent NAbs and T cell memory to VTT among vaccinees, along with pre-existing T cells to MPXV among both vaccinees and the unvaccinated population, indicate a particular immune barrier to mpox.

Keywords: CP: Immunology; CP: Microbiology; NAb; T cell; VTT; mpox; neutralizing antibody; pre-existing immunity; vaccinia virus Tiantan strain.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Neutralizing
China
Epitopes
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Immunity, Humoral
Monkeypox virus
Mpox (monkeypox)*
Vaccinia virus*

Substances

Antibodies, Neutralizing
Epitopes