Insight into the dynamics of heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow with linear/nonlinear mixed convection, thermal radiation, and activation energy effects over the rotating disk

Shumaila Kanwal; Syed Asif Ali Shah; Abdul Bariq; Bagh Ali; Adham E Ragab; Emad A Az-Zo'bi

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49988-0

Insight into the dynamics of heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow with linear/nonlinear mixed convection, thermal radiation, and activation energy effects over the rotating disk

Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 27;13(1):23031. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49988-0.

Authors

Shumaila Kanwal¹, Syed Asif Ali Shah¹, Abdul Bariq², Bagh Ali³, Adham E Ragab⁴, Emad A Az-Zo'bi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
² Department of Mathematics, Leghman University, Mehtarlam, Laghman, 2701, Afghanistan. abdulbariq.maths@gmail.com.
³ School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
⁴ Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Mathematics, Mutah University, Mutah, Al Karak, Jordan.

Abstract

In this paper, we study linear and nonlinear mixed convection, activation energy, and heat radiation effects caused by nanoparticles. This study aims to improve the understanding of how nanofluids behave in the presence of rotating disks and develop more efficient and effective cooling technologies. The flow problem consisted of partial differential equations (PDE). It is challenging to calculate these equations as a result of these nonlinear PDEs. Consequently, we use appropriate similarities to transform them into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The bvp4c Matlab built-in technique is then used to resolve these ODEs. The velocities, temperature, and concentration outcomes with the various factors are examined graphically. Additionally, tables are employed to analyze the skin friction and Nusselt number values. It is analyzed that increasing the linear and linear mixed convection parameters enhances the velocity profiles of nanofluid. Enhancements in heat are analyzed by increasing nonlinear thermal radiation and enhancement in concentration is examined by increasing activation energy. Furthermore, as the variables for thermophoresis and Brownian motion are increased, the Nusselt number falls. The heat transfer rate is 27.16% for [Formula: see text] and 39.28% for [Formula: see text]. Thus, the heat transfer rate is enhanced 12.12%. This study's practical applications include improving the behavior of fluids and the transfer of heat in rotating frameworks, which may affect energy systems, heat exchangers, and cooling advances in technology.