Evaluation of Factors Affecting Illumination Intensity in Lightwand Endotracheal Intubation

Abstract

Background/aim: A lightwand is a stylet with a light bulb at its tip that can be used to guide intubation by confirming the illumination through the anterior neck. We aimed to determine the factors affecting the illumination intensity during lightwand endotracheal intubation.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively collected data from 180 patients who underwent lightwand endotracheal intubation. We recorded illumination intensity on a 5-point scale. The patients were categorized into weak (score <3) and bright (score ≥3) groups based on the illumination intensity scale score.

Results: A total of 176 patients were analyzed, of whom 125 (71.1%) were enrolled in the bright group, and 51 (29.0%) were enrolled in the weak group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased body mass index (BMI) and mask ventilation grade were associated with light intensity. For mask ventilation, moderate vs. easy (p=0.010) and difficult vs. easy (p=0.008) were associated with the weak group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that BMI ≥24.6 kg/m² was correlated with the weak group.

Conclusion: BMI ≥24.6 kg/m² or mask ventilation grade above moderate indicates increased odds of weak illumination intensity in lightwand intubation. Pre-intubation examination of these factors helps increase the chances of successful intubation.

Keywords: Body mass index; endotracheal; intubation; lightwand; neck.