Lung function and cardiovascular risk at age 45 in a cohort of the general population

Abstract

Background: Impaired lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the origins of this association are poorly understood. We investigated associations between lung function and cardiovascular risk scores in a general population cohort of men and women aged 45 years.

Methods: Participants are members of an unselected birth cohort followed to adulthood. Lung function determined at ages 32 and 45 by spirometry, body plethysmography, gas diffusion, and airway conductance were the main predictors. Future cardiovascular risk was estimated at age 45 using a multivariable cardiovascular risk algorithm - PREDICT. Risk scores were log-transformed and used as the dependent variable in linear regression analyses. We investigated cross-sectional associations with lung function at age 45 and longitudinal associations using changes in lung function between ages 32-45 as the predictors.

Results: 863 of 1037 original cohort participants had data for analysis. Low lung volumes (FEV₁, FVC, VA, TLC, and FRC) were associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores in the cross-sectional analyses at age 45 and the longitudinal analyses. These associations were stronger in women than in men, were independent of smoking history, and present in never smokers, even after adjusting for body mass index. Associations were not found for measures of airway function (FEV₁/FVC ratio and sGaw) or gas transfer (TLco/VA).

Conclusions: Low lung volumes at age 45 and accelerated pulmonary function decline are associated with a higher estimated cardiovascular risk scores in mid-adulthood. This association is stronger in women and is not explained by smoking or obesity.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Cohort study; Lung function; PREDICT score.