Efficient detection of flusilazole by an electrochemical sensor derived from MOF MIL-53(Fe) for food safety

Yu-Han Sun; Liu Yang; Xian-Xian Ji; Yuan-Zhen Wang; Yu-Long Liu; Ying Fu; Fei Ye

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138244

Efficient detection of flusilazole by an electrochemical sensor derived from MOF MIL-53(Fe) for food safety

Food Chem. 2024 May 15:440:138244. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138244. Epub 2023 Dec 19.

Authors

Yu-Han Sun¹, Liu Yang¹, Xian-Xian Ji¹, Yuan-Zhen Wang¹, Yu-Long Liu¹, Ying Fu², Fei Ye³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural, University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural, University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: fuying@neau.edu.cn.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural, University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yefei@neau.edu.cn.

PMID: 38142554
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138244

Abstract

Flusilazole is a triazole fungicide with residues that are potentially toxic to humans. It enters the human body mainly through food, although its bactericidal activity is substantial. In this study, an electrochemical sensor Fe/Fe₂O₃@C with a core-shell structure was constructed to efficiently detect flusilazole by annealing MIL-53(Fe) which was prepared by a simple solvothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the apparent morphology of MIL-53(Fe) and Fe/Fe₂O₃@C, and their structures were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and the mapping of elements by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of Fe/Fe₂O₃@C in the detection of flusilazole was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry under optimal conditions. The results of the study indicate that the Fe/Fe₂O₃@C electrochemical sensor displayed excellent detection capabilities for flusilazole, where the sensor exhibited a wide detection range from 1.00 × 10^-4 to 1.00 × 10^-12 mol/L with an incredibly low LOD of 593 fM, making it highly sensitive to trace amounts of flusilazole. Moreover, Fe/Fe₂O₃@C demonstrated superior reproducibility, stability, and resistance to interference, highlighting its reliability in practical applications. The sensor was also successfully utilized to quantitatively detect flusilazole in various real samples, which suggests that Fe/Fe₂O₃@C has broad-spectrum environmental resistance and can effectively and rapidly detect flusilazole residues in different types of food items and environmental matrices. The study also delved into the mechanism of Fe/Fe₂O₃@C for the detection of flusilazole, providing a deeper understanding of the functionality of this sensor. Overall, these findings emphasize the practical significance of Fe/Fe₂O₃@C as an electrochemical sensor, showcasing its potential for real-world applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.

Keywords: Electrochemical sensor; Fe/Fe(2)O(3)@C; MOFs; Pesticide residue; Practical applications.

MeSH terms

Electrochemical Techniques / methods
Food Safety*
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Reproducibility of Results
Silanes*
Triazoles*

Substances

flusilazole
Triazoles
Silanes