Diet Quality, Sedentary Time, and Blood Pressure in the POUCHmoms Study

Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease in womens; diet and sedentary time (ST) are modifiable lifestyle factors thought to influence BP.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine 2 diet-quality measures and ST in relation to BP among parous womens.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis uses data from 677 womens (age 25-55 y) enrolled in the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) Study and followed up in the POUCHmoms study 7-15 y after delivery (2011 and 2014). Follow-up measures included a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), self-report of ST (occupational and leisure), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). The FFQ was used to calculate 2 diet-quality measures, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Total ST h/wk was dichotomized at the median and labeled "low" or "high." In weighted unadjusted and adjusted regression models, BP was assessed in relation to diet scores (linear and threshold associations) and combinations of dichotomized diet-quality scores ("poor" = lowest quartile compared with "not poor" = upper 3 quartiles) and ST.

Results: Higher mean SBP and DBP occurred mainly in women with a '"poor" diet-quality score (AHEI and DASH). Among womens with a "poor"-quality diet (on the basis of the AHEI score) and "high" ST, (N = 93) adjusted mean SBP and DBP were 4.5 mmHg and 4.4 mmHg higher, respectively, than that of the counterparts who did not have a poor-quality diet and had "low" ST (N = 275). Results were similar in analyses using the DASH diet score.

Conclusions: Women with poor-quality diets and more ST may need closer BP monitoring. Even modest improvements in womens' diet quality and reductions in ST might help lower their BP, but this observation needs testing in prospective studies..

Keywords: AHEI; DASH; blood pressure; diet; sedentary behavior; women.