Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Enrofloxacin in One- Six- And Twelve-Month-Old Sheep

Abstract

Background: Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for use in sheep of all ages. The body composition and metabolic capability change with age. These changes may alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs and thus their effect. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of drugs need to be established in target- age animals.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ENR and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), following a single intravenous administration of ENR at a dose of 10 mg/kg in different ages of sheep.

Methods: The study was carried out in the one-, six- and twelve-month age period of the sheep. A single dose of 10 mg/kg ENR was administered intravenously through the jugular vein to sheep in all age periods. ENR and CIP plasma concentrations were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed using a non-compartmental method.

Results: ENR was detected in the plasma until 36 h in one-month-old and up to 24 h in other ages. CIP was detected in the plasma up to 24 h in all age groups. The t_1/2ʎz and V_dss were significantly higher in one-month-old sheep than in six and twelve-months old sheep. There was no difference in Cl_T and AUC values in different age groups. AUC_0-∞CIP/AUC_0-∞ENR ratios were higher in one-month-old than in six- and twelve-months sheep.

Conclusion: The most important pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging in sheep are decreased V_dss and t_1/2ʎz of ENR and the low ratio metabolizing of ENR to CIP. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data showed that ENR after IV administration of 10 mg/kg dose provided the optimal AUC_0-24/MIC₉₀ ratios for E. coli, P. multocida and Mycoplasma spp. (>125) with MIC of 0.37 µg/mL and for S. aureus (>30) with MIC of 0.5 µg/mL in all ages of sheep.

Keywords: Age-related pharmacokinetics; ciprofloxacin; enrofloxacin; intravenous; metabolite.; sheep.