Significance of S100B Protein as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool in Emergency Departments for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Rakesh Jalali; Izabela Godlewska; Magdalena Fadrowska-Szleper; Agata Pypkowska; Adam Kern; Jacek Bil; Joanna Manta; Jerzy Romaszko

doi:10.3390/jpm13121724

Significance of S100B Protein as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool in Emergency Departments for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

J Pers Med. 2023 Dec 18;13(12):1724. doi: 10.3390/jpm13121724.

Authors

Rakesh Jalali^{1

2}, Izabela Godlewska¹, Magdalena Fadrowska-Szleper¹, Agata Pypkowska¹, Adam Kern³, Jacek Bil⁴, Joanna Manta^{1

2}, Jerzy Romaszko⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
² Clinical Emergency Department, Regional Specialist Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
³ Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
⁴ Department of Invasive Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.

Abstract

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are not only the leading cause of death among people below 44 years of age, but also one of the biggest diagnostic challenges in the emergency set up. We believe that the use of serum biomarkers in diagnosis can help to improve patient care in TBI. One of them is the S100B protein, which is currently proposed as a promising diagnostic tool for TBI and its consequences. In our study, we analyzed serum biomarker S100B in 136 patients admitted to the Emergency Department of the Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn. Participants were divided into three groups: patients with head trauma and alcohol intoxication, patients with head trauma with no alcohol intoxication and a control group of patients with no trauma or with injury in locations other than the head. In our study, as compared to the control group, patients with TBI had a significantly higher S100B level (both with and without intoxication). Moreover, in both groups, the mean S100B protein level was significantly higher in patients with pathological changes in CT. According to our study results, the S100B protein is a promising diagnostic tool, and we propose including its evaluation in routine regimens in patients with TBI.

Keywords: S100B protein; alcohol; diagnostic process; emergency department; traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Grants and funding

The research was financially supported by the Statutory research funding from the University of Warmia and Mazury, Decision Nr 25.620.015-300 and 25.014.002-25.620.024-300.