Factors Influencing a Favorable Outcome for RFA of Huge Benign Thyroid Nodules: Preliminary Results and Short-Term Evaluation

Chun-Hua Chiu; Sheng-Dean Luo; Pi-Ling Chiang; An-Ni Lin; Cheng-Kang Wang; Chen-Kai Chou; Shun-Yu Chi; Meng-Hsiang Chen; Wei-Che Lin

doi:10.1155/2023/9021903

Factors Influencing a Favorable Outcome for RFA of Huge Benign Thyroid Nodules: Preliminary Results and Short-Term Evaluation

Int J Endocrinol. 2023 Dec 14:2023:9021903. doi: 10.1155/2023/9021903. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Chun-Hua Chiu¹, Sheng-Dean Luo², Pi-Ling Chiang¹, An-Ni Lin¹, Cheng-Kang Wang¹, Chen-Kai Chou³, Shun-Yu Chi⁴, Meng-Hsiang Chen¹, Wei-Che Lin^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
² Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate potentially favorable factors influencing the therapeutic success of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of huge benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) (volume >100 ml) and to evaluate the feasibility of RFA as an alternative treatment modality for patients unable or unwilling to undergo surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated a total of 868 patients, of which 22 patients had huge BTNs who underwent ultrasound-guided moving shot RFA treatment between May 2017 and January 2022. The huge BTNs were categorized into two groups according to a post-RFA treatment volume reduction ratio (VRR) of >80% and <80% at 6 months. Factors influencing these huge BTNs were reviewed, analyzed, and correlated with treatment effectiveness between the two groups.

Results: The factors influencing an effective VRR included huge BTNs located on the left side (OR 7.875, p = 0.03), predominant solid/spongiform nodules (OR 7.875, p = 0.03), and higher initial ablation rate (IAR) (p = 0.028). Multivariable logistic regression revealed predominant solid/spongiform nodule and the higher IAR were associated with the advanced VRR.

Conclusion: RFA was effective at decreasing the volume of huge BTNs with an acceptable complication rate. The BTN characteristics correlated with a better VRR at the 6-month short-term follow-up were predominant solid/spongiform BTNs and those with the first time ablation treatment initial ablation rate. Nevertheless, regarding the higher regrowth rate of these groups of patients who may need to be treated more times, RFA can only be a feasible alternative treatment modality for patients unable or unwilling to undergo operation.