Australian radiographer roles in the emergency department; evidence of regulatory compliance to improve patient safety - A narrative review

Abstract

Objectives: Using a narrative approach, this paper aims to determine the extent of Australian radiographers' regulatory compliance to improve patient safety when performing appendicular X-ray and non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) in the Emergency Department (ED).

Key findings: A narrative review explored relevant literature and key regulatory policy. Ten documents were identified, three main themes were developed related to the radiographer roles in X-ray request justification, dose optimisation and preliminary image evaluation (PIE). Radiographers were equally aware of justification and optimisation pre and post the introduction of a Medical Code of Practice. The collective PIE accuracy of radiographers remained unaffected by changes in mode of PIE delivery and regulatory factors but varied based on the anatomical region.

Conclusion: While current Australian regulations mandate radiographer request justification, dose optimisation and PIE, the degree of compliance by Australian radiographers remains uncertain. Current literature provides evidence that radiographers can improve patient care and safety through justification, optimisation, and PIE delivery. Change in workplace practice, supported by key stakeholders including radiologists, is essential to integrate radiographers' functions into routine ED clinical practice. Further research is required to audit radiographers' regulatory compliance to improve patient safety.

Implications for practice: Patient safety in ED can be improved with timely and accurate diagnosis provided by radiographers. Radiographers have a professional obligation to adhere to the capabilities and standards for safe medical radiation practice defined by Australian regulations. Therefore, radiographers must justify the X-ray request, optimise the radiation dose where appropriate and communicate urgent or unexpected findings to the referrer.

Keywords: Patient safety; Radiographer; Regulatory compliance.