What does Google Trends reveal about the proportion of waterpipe users in the Brazilian population?

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2023 Dec 18;32(4):e2023708. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222023000400004.en. eCollection 2023.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the relationship between internet search volume and the prevalence of waterpipe use among young Brazilians in 2019.

Methods: This was a descriptive study with data from Brazil in 2019, using the relative search volume on waterpipes extracted from Google Trends and the proportion of waterpipe users aged between 15 and 24 years, as measured by the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), and aged between 13 and 17 years, as measured by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE). The relationship was assessed by means of Spearman's correlation.

Results: The point prevalence of waterpipe use across the Brazilian Federative Units (FUs) showed a moderate (r = 0.51; PNS) to strong correlation (r = 0.74 and r = 0.80; PeNSE) with the relative search volume (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion: Google Trends can support the monitoring system on waterpipe use in the FUs, providing additional information to existing population-based surveys.

Main results: The search volume for waterpipes by states in Brazil, as measured by Google Trends, showed a moderate to high correlation with the respective proportions of current use and experimentation of waterpipe among the adolescent/young adult population.

Implications for services: The use of Google Trends as a support to the monitoring system for waterpipe consumption in Brazil warrants further exploration in terms of the validity of additional information to existing population surveys.

Perspectives: Expanding the use of Google Trends searches to assess its potential in monitoring other health risk products and detecting (or predicting) incidence or seasonality of health-related events.

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el volumen de búsquedas en Internet y la prevalencia del uso de narguile entre los jóvenes brasileños en 2019.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con datos de Brasil en 2019, utilizando el volumen relativo de búsqueda sobre narguile extraído de Google Trends y la proporción de usuarios de narguile entre 15 y 24 años, medida por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS), y con edades entre 13 y 17 años, medida por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE). La relación fue respaldada por el método de correlación de Spearman.

Resultados: La prevalencia puntual del uso de narguile en las Unidades Federativas brasileñas presentó una correlación moderada (r = 0,51; PNS) a fuerte (r = 0,74 y r = 0,80; PeNSE) con el volumen relativo de búsqueda (p-valor < 0,05).

Conclusión: Google Trends puede apoyar el sistema de monitoreo del uso de narguile en las UFs, ofreciendo información adicional a las encuestas poblacionales existentes.

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o volume de pesquisas na internet e a prevalência de uso de narguilé entre jovens brasileiros em 2019.

Métodos: Estudo descritivo com dados do Brasil em 2019, utilizando o volume relativo de pesquisa sobre o narguilé extraído do Google Trends e a proporção de usuários de narguilé com idade entre 15 e 24 anos, medida pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), e com idade entre 13 e 17 anos, medida pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). A relação foi avaliada por meio da correlação de Spearman.

Resultados: A prevalência pontual de uso de narguilé das Unidades da Federação (UFs) brasileiras apresentou correlação moderada (r = 0,51; PNS) a forte (r = 0,74 e r = 0,80; PeNSE) com o volume de pesquisas relativo (p-valor < 0,05).

Conclusão: O Google Trends pode apoiar o sistema de monitoramento sobre o uso do narguilé nas UFs brasileiras, oferecendo informações adicionais às pesquisas populacionais existentes.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Search Engine*
  • Water Pipe Smoking*
  • Young Adult

Supplementary concepts

  • Brazilian people