Objective: To investigate the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse outcomes of cesarean section in the different duration of the second stage of labor. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the clinical data of 154 pregnant women with singleton head pregnancy who underwent cesarean section at different times of the second stage of labor due to maternal and fetal factors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. According to the duration of the second stage of labor, they were divided into <2 h group (54 cases), 2-<3 h group (61 cases), and ≥3 h group (39 cases). The general data of pregnant women and neonates, preoperative maternal and neonatal conditions related to labor stages, surgical indications, surgical procedures, and perioperative maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results: (1) General Information: there were no significant differences in maternal age, gravidity and parity, proportion of primipara, gestational age at delivery, body mass index before delivery, pregnancy complications, labor analgesia rate and the duration of the first stage of labor among the three groups (all P>0.05). The differences of the gender composition, birth weight and incidence of macrosomia of the three groups were also not statistically significant (all P>0.05). (2) Maternal and fetal status and surgical indications: the incidence of intrapartum fever and type Ⅱ and Ⅲ fetal heart rate monitoring in the <2 h group were higher than those in the 2-<3 h group and the ≥3 h group, and the preoperative fetal head position in the ≥3 h group was lower than that in the 2-<3 h group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The proportion of cesarean section due to "fetal distress" was 40.7% (22/54) in the <2 h group, which was higher than that in the 2-<3 h group (4.9%, 3/61) and the ≥3 h group (2.6%, 1/39). The proportions of surgical indication of "relative cephalo-pelvic disproportion" were 98.4% (60/61) and 94.9% (37/39) in the 2-<3 h group and ≥3 h group, respectively, and the surgical indication of "fetal head descent arrest" were 41.0% (25/61) and 59.0% (23/39), respectively. Compared with <2 h group [63.0% (34/54), 13.0% (7/54)], the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no significant difference in surgical indications between 2-<3 h group and ≥3 h group (all P>0.05). (3) Intraoperative conditions and perioperative complications of cesarean section: the puerperal morbidity rate of <2 h group was 37.0% (20/54), which was higher than those of 2-<3 h group (18.0%, 11/61) and ≥3 h group (7.7%, 3/39), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of fetal head inlay, uterine incision tear, modified B-Lynch suture for uterine atony, postpartum hemorrhage, perioperative blood transfusion, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level, perioperative Hb change, and postoperative hospital stay among the three groups (all P>0.05). (4) Adverse neonatal outcomes: non-hemolytic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ≥3 h group was 35.9% (14/39), which was significantly higher than that in <2 h group (13.0%, 7/54; P<0.05). Among the neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 1 week after birth, the proportion of neonates admitted to NICU due to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ≥3 h group (15/19) was significantly higher than that in <2 h group (9/17) and 2-<3 h group (10/19), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the <2 h group and the 2-<3 h group (P>0.05). There was no perinatal death in the three groups. Conclusions: The rate of puerperal morbidity is higher in patients who were transferred to cesarean section within 2 hours of the second stage of labor. In the early stage of the second stage of labor, the monitoring of fetal heart rate and amniotic fluid characteristics should be strengthened, especially the presence or absence of prenatal fever. In good maternal and neonatal conditions, conversion to cesarean section after 2 hours of the second stage of labor does not significantly increase the incidence of serious adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. For the second stage of labor more than 3 hours before cesarean section, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of neonatal bilirubin.
目的： 探讨第二产程不同时限因母儿因素中转剖宫产术孕妇的围术期母儿不良结局。 方法： 回顾性分析2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日于南京医科大学第一附属医院阴道试产，在第二产程中因母儿因素实施剖宫产术的单胎头位孕妇154例的临床资料，并依据第二产程时限不同分为<2 h组（54例）、2~<3 h组（61例）、≥3 h组（39例）。分别比较3组孕妇及新生儿的一般资料，与产程相关的术前母儿状况、手术指征、手术经过及围术期相关母儿不良结局。 结果： （1）一般资料：3组孕妇的年龄、孕产次、初产妇比例、分娩孕周、分娩前体重指数、妊娠合并症或并发症、分娩镇痛率及第一产程持续时间分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05），3组新生儿性别构成、新生儿出生体重及巨大儿发生率分别比较，差异也均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（2）母儿状况和手术指征：<2 h组孕妇的产时发热率和Ⅱ、Ⅲ类胎心监护发生率均高于2~<3 h组和≥3 h组，≥3 h组孕妇术前胎头位置低于2~<3 h组，分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。<2 h组孕妇以“胎儿窘迫”为指征行剖宫产术者占40.7%（22/54），高于2~<3 h组（4.9%，3/61）及≥3 h组（2.6%，1/39），2~<3 h组和≥3 h组中，以“相对性头盆不称”为手术指征的孕妇分别为98.4%（60/61）、94.9%（37/39），“胎头下降停滞”为手术指征的孕妇分别为41.0%（25/61）、59.0%（23/39），均高于<2 h组［分别为63.0%（34/54）、13.0%（7/54）］，分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；而2~<3 h组与≥3 h组的手术指征比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（3）剖宫产术中情况及围术期并发症：<2 h组的产褥病率为37.0%（20/54），高于2~<3 h组（18.0%，11/61）及≥3 h组（7.7%，3/39），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组孕妇的手术时间，术中出血量，胎头深嵌、子宫切口撕裂、因宫缩乏力行改良B-Lynch缝合、产后出血、围术期输血的发生率，术前血红蛋白（Hb）水平及围术期Hb变化、术后住院时间分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（4）新生儿不良结局：≥3 h组中非溶血性新生儿高胆红素血症发生率35.9%（14/39），显著高于<2 h组（13.0%，7/54；P<0.05）；新生儿出生后1周内转入新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）治疗的新生儿中，≥3 h组中因新生儿高胆红素血症转NICU者占15/19，显著高于<2 h组（9/17）及2~<3 h组（10/19），差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；但<2 h组与2~<3 h组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。3组均无围产儿死亡。 结论： 第二产程2 h内中转剖宫产术终止妊娠者产褥病率增高，第二产程初期应加强胎心监护及羊水性状的监测，尤其应关注有无产时发热。在母儿状况良好情况下，第二产程进入到2 h以后转行的剖宫产术未显著增加严重母儿不良结局的发生。对于第二产程3 h后转行剖宫产术者，需加强新生儿胆红素水平的监测。.