Improved electrochemical detection of levofloxacin in diverse aquatic samples using 3D flower-like Co@CaPO4 nanospheres

Krishnapandi Alagumalai; Selvakumar Palanisamy; Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar; Nancy A ElNaker; Seong-Cheol Kim; Matteo Chiesa; Periakaruppan Prakash

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123189

Improved electrochemical detection of levofloxacin in diverse aquatic samples using 3D flower-like Co@CaPO₄ nanospheres

Environ Pollut. 2024 Feb 15:343:123189. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123189. Epub 2023 Dec 18.

Authors

Krishnapandi Alagumalai¹, Selvakumar Palanisamy², Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar³, Nancy A ElNaker⁴, Seong-Cheol Kim¹, Matteo Chiesa⁵, Periakaruppan Prakash⁶

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
² Laboratory for Energy and NanoScience (LENS), Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: prmselva@gmail.com.
³ Magnetics Initiative Life Care Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 711-873, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, 625009, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁴ Laboratory for Energy and NanoScience (LENS), Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
⁵ Laboratory for Energy and NanoScience (LENS), Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Artic University of Norway, 9010, Tromso, Norway.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, 625009, Tamil Nadu, India.

PMID: 38123118
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123189

Abstract

The misuse of antibiotics has become a concerning environmental issue, posing a significant threat to public health. Levofloxacin (LFX), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is particularly worrisome due to its detrimental impact on human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, the selective and accurate identification of LFX is of utmost importance. In this study, we have developed an electrochemical sensor based on cobalt-doped calcium phosphate (Co@CaHPO) for the sensitive and selective detection of LFX in various water samples. Under optimized conditions, the Co@CaHPO-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited exceptional electrochemical activity, low charge transfer resistance, and a fast electron transfer rate, outperforming the unmodified GCE. The proposed Co@CaHPO-modified GCE demonstrated remarkable electrochemical characteristics, including a wide linear range (0.3-460 μM) and a lower detection limit (0.151 μM) with high sensitivity (0.676 μAμM^-1 cm²). This detection approach may enable the direct detection of LFX in the pharmaceutical environment. Furthermore, the resulting sensor exhibited good selectivity, excellent cyclic and storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. The practical application of this LFX sensor can be extended to various water samples, yielding reliable and satisfactory results.

Keywords: Cobalt-doped calcium phosphate; Detection and selectivity; Electrochemical sensor; Levofloxacin; Water samples.

MeSH terms

Carbon
Ecosystem
Electrodes
Humans
Levofloxacin*
Limit of Detection
Nanospheres*
Reproducibility of Results
Water

Substances

Levofloxacin
Carbon
Water