Influence operations are large-scale efforts to manipulate public opinion. The rapid detection and disruption of these operations is critical for healthy public discourse. Emergent AI technologies may enable novel operations that evade detection and influence public discourse on social media with greater scale, reach, and specificity. New methods of detection with inductive learning capacity will be needed to identify novel operations before they indelibly alter public opinion and events. To this end, we develop an inductive learning framework that: (1) determines content- and graph-based indicators that are not specific to any operation; (2) uses graph learning to encode abstract signatures of coordinated manipulation; and (3) evaluates generalization capacity by training and testing models across operations originating from Russia, China, and Iran. We find that this framework enables strong cross-operation generalization while also revealing salient indicators-illustrating a generic approach which directly complements transductive methodologies, thereby enhancing detection coverage.
© 2023. The Author(s).