Trophoblast glycoprotein is required for efficient synaptic vesicle exocytosis from retinal rod bipolar cells

Colin M Wakeham; Qing Shi; Gaoying Ren; Tammie L Haley; Robert M Duvoisin; Henrique von Gersdorff; Catherine W Morgans

doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1306006

Trophoblast glycoprotein is required for efficient synaptic vesicle exocytosis from retinal rod bipolar cells

Front Cell Neurosci. 2023 Nov 30:17:1306006. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1306006. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Colin M Wakeham¹, Qing Shi¹, Gaoying Ren¹, Tammie L Haley¹, Robert M Duvoisin¹, Henrique von Gersdorff^{1

2

3}, Catherine W Morgans¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
² Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
³ Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Abstract

Introduction: Rod bipolar cells (RBCs) faithfully transmit light-driven signals from rod photoreceptors in the outer retina to third order neurons in the inner retina. Recently, significant work has focused on the role of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins in synaptic development and signal transduction at RBC synapses. We previously identified trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG) as a novel transmembrane LRR protein localized to the dendrites and axon terminals of RBCs.

Methods: We examined the effects on RBC physiology and retinal processing of TPBG genetic knockout in mice using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, electroretinogram recording, patch-clamp electrophysiology, and time-resolved membrane capacitance measurements.

Results: The scotopic electroretinogram showed a modest increase in the b-wave and a marked attenuation in oscillatory potentials in the TPBG knockout. No effect of TPBG knockout was observed on the RBC dendritic morphology, TRPM1 currents, or RBC excitability. Because scotopic oscillatory potentials primarily reflect RBC-driven rhythmic activity of the inner retina, we investigated the contribution of TPBG to downstream transmission from RBCs to third-order neurons. Using electron microscopy, we found shorter synaptic ribbons in TPBG knockout axon terminals in RBCs. Time-resolved capacitance measurements indicated that TPBG knockout reduces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and subsequent GABAergic reciprocal feedback without altering voltage-gated Ca2⁺ currents.

Discussion: TPBG is required for normal synaptic ribbon development and efficient neurotransmitter release from RBCs to downstream cells. Our results highlight a novel synaptic role for TPBG at RBC ribbon synapses and support further examination into the mechanisms by which TPBG regulates RBC physiology and circuit function.

Keywords: capacitance measurements; electroretinogram (ERG); protein kinase C alpha (PKCa); retina; ribbon synapse; rod bipolar cell; synaptic transmission; trophoblast glycoprotein (TBPG).

Abstract

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